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Contents

1. Definitions      
2. Appointment of Personal Advisers
3. Role of Personal Adviser
4. Preparation and Assessment  
5. Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan
6. Reviews of Pathway Plans/Pathway Care Plans
7. Procedures in Relation to Qualifying Young People  
8. Complaints      

1. Definitions

Normally the definitions relating to 'Keywords' are found in the Keywords, but a number of terms are used in this procedure, which are specific to it; therefore they have also been summarised below.

Other Keywords, which are not specific to this procedure, are defined in Keywords Appendix.

Eligible Young People

They are aged 16 or 17, have been a Looked After Child for a period or periods totaling at least 13 weeks starting after their 14th birthday and are still Looked After. (This total does not include a series of pre-planned short-term placements of up to four weeks where the child has returned to the parent). There is a duty to support these young people up to the age of 18, wherever they are living.

The statutory definition and requirements to undertake a needs assessment, prepare a Pathway Plan, keep the Pathway Plan under review and appoint a Personal Adviser are now covered by Regulations 42, 43 and 44 of the Care Planning, Placement and Case Review Regulations 2010.

Unaccompanied Asylum Seekers are eligible young people and these procedures apply to them if they are in Local Authority Care.

Relevant Young People

They are aged 16 or 17 and are no longer a Looked After Child, having previously been in the category of Eligible Young Person when Looked After. However, if after leaving the Looked After Children Service, a young person returns home for a period of 6 months or more to be cared for by a parent and the return home has been formally agreed as successful, he or she will no longer be a "Relevant Young Person".

A young person is also "Relevant" if, having been looked after for three months or more, he or she is then Detained after their 16th birthday either in hospital, remand centre, young offenders' institution or secure training centre. There is a duty to support relevant young people up to the age of 18, wherever they are living.

The statutory definition and requirements to stay in touch with the young person, undertake a needs assessment (unless this was done when the young person was ‘Eligible’), prepare and keep the Pathway Plan under review, appoint a Personal Adviser (unless this was done when the young person was ‘Eligible’) and provide accommodation and assistance to meet his or her needs in relation to education, training or employment are now covered by Regulations 4 to 9 of the Care Leavers (England) Regulations 2010.

Former Relevant Young People

They are aged 18 to 21 (or up to 24 if in full-time further or higher education), and have left the Looked After service having been previously either "Eligible", "Relevant" or both. There is a duty to consider the need to support these young people wherever they are living.

The statutory definition and requirements to stay in touch with the young person, keep the Pathway Plan under review, continue the appointment of a Personal Adviser and provide financial assistance near where the young person is employed or seeking employment/to enable the young person to pursue education or training remain unchanged they are now covered by Regulations 4 to 9 of the Care Leavers (England) Regulations 2010. These duties continue until the young person becomes 21 or, where the Pathway Plan sets out a programme of education or training beyond 21, they continue so long as the young person pursues the programme. The duty to pay a higher education bursary also continues, as before.

The duties of Local Authorities are extended in relation to Former Relevant Young People who inform the Local Authority of their wish to take up a programme of full time further or higher education after the age of 21 and under the age of 25. In relation to these young people, the Local authority has a duty to:

• Appoint a Personal Adviser;
• Carry out an assessment of the needs to determine what assistance (if any) it would be appropriate to provide;
• Prepare a Pathway Plan.

Give assistance to the extent that the young person’s educational or training needs require it. The kinds of assistance are: contributing to expenses incurred by the young person in living near the place where s/he is, or will be, receiving education or training; or making a grant to enable the young person to meet expenses connected with his education and training

The duties of the Local Authority subsist for as long as the young person pursues the  programme of education or training in accordance with the Pathway Plan, and  the Local Authority may disregard any interruption in the education/training if it is satisfied that the young person will resume it as soon as is reasonably practicable.

In each case where a care leaver requests this support, the Local Authority will need to assess the appropriateness of the course and how it will help the young person to achieve his or her ambitions. The extent of the practical and financial assistance provided will reflect the type of course, whether full- or part-time, and the young person’s existing income.

Qualifying Young People

They are over the age of 16 and under the age of 21, (or up to 24 if in full-time further or higher education), and have been LAC or, if Disabled, Privately Fostered after reaching 16, but do not qualify as Eligible, Relevant or Former Relevant. They may receive support, advice and assistance wherever they are living.

Personal Adviser

A Personal Adviser is the person appointed to work with a Looked After Child following completion of the Pathway Plan, and will occupy a key role in providing support to the young person in preparation and transition to independence after he or she ceases to be a LAC.

The Personal Adviser could be the Local Authority Social Worker or the Leaving Care Worker dependant on the level of need, and will hold a pivotal role in the planning and review of services as set out in the Pathway Plan.

Pathway Plan

Pathway Care Plan is a new plan that has been designed by Lincolnshire that includes elements of both Care Plan and Pathway Plan. The Pathway Care Plan is finalised between the young person reaching his or her 16th Birthday and within no later that 3 months of this age or becoming eligible and must be formally agreed at the LAC review nearest the 16th Birthday.

The Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan sets out the route to the future for young people leaving the LAC service and will state how their needs will be met in their path to independence. The plan will continue to be implemented and reviewed after they leave the LAC Service at least until they are 21; and up to 24 if in education.

2. Appointment of Personal Advisers

Where a young person meets or is likely to meet the criteria to become an Eligible Young Person, the Leaving Care Service must be made aware of the case by the local authority when the young person reaches the age of 15 years and 6 months.

A representative of the Leaving Care Service must be invited to attend the last LAC Review before the young person's 16th birthday.

A Personal Adviser will be appointed when the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan is completed for the young person.

A RAG score is applied to determine the level of need for the young person and the involvement from leaving care service. Cases with Amber/Red score are considered for allocation of a leaving care worker. Amber/Green cases are only allocated a leaving care worker when the young person is 17 years and 6 months. For Amber/Green cases (low level of need) the role of personal advisor is taken by the Local Authority Social Worker up to the age of 17 years and 6 months.

If the young person is placed outside the authority or the young person is proposing to move to another authority when s/he leaves the LAC service, and the placement is to be directly supported by the Leaving Care Service, the Leaving Care Service manager will negotiate as necessary the provision of support from the local authority in whose area the young person is choosing to reside. Details of the service to be provided and associated costs will be recorded by the manager and agreed in consultation with the relevant manager.

It is the responsibility of the young person's social worker to inform the authority in which the young person chooses to reside that s/he is moving to the area.

3. Role of Personal Adviser

Guidance on the Personal Adviser's role in participating in the assessment of the young person, and in preparing and reviewing the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan is set out in Leaving Care Guidance.

The functions of the Personal Adviser are:

1. To provide advice;
2. To participate in the young person's assessment and preparation of the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan;
3. To participate in reviews of the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan;
4. To liaise with others as necessary in the implementation of the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan;
5. To coordinate the provision of services under the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan and take steps to ensure the young person makes use of such services;
6. To keep informed about the young person's progress and well-being;
7. To keep written records of contact with the young person;
8. To act as the young person's Connections personal advisor.

The precise level and nature of the Personal Adviser's contact with the young person will be specified in the young person's Pathway Plan.

The Personal Adviser will keep an ongoing log of all contacts made by and with the young person, monitoring the effectiveness of services in preparing the young person for a time when they will move to greater independence or when they cease to be looked after.

Where a Personal Adviser loses touch with a young person, immediate steps must be taken to re-establish contact.

The Personal Adviser will act as the principal source of contact in any matter relating to the Pathway Plan.

Once a Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan has been made, the Personal Adviser will monitor its progress through direct contact with the young person and with the agencies and individuals identified in the Plan as providing a service or being significant.

4. Preparation and Assessment

All Eligible, Relevant or Former Relevant Young People must receive a multi-agency assessment of their needs as to the advice, assistance and support they will need when leaving the LAC service.

The young person's social worker will be responsible for coordinating the Pathway Plan Assessment.

This assessment should be completed no more than 3 months after the young person's 16th birthday or after the young person becomes an Eligible or Relevant Young Person if this is later.  The timetable must take account of any forthcoming exams and avoid disrupting the young person's preparation for them.

The young person's Care Plan together with information from the most recent Assessment will form the basis of the Pathway Plan Assessment.

The young person's social worker will be responsible for completing the Pathway Plan Assessment, recording the assessment information and conclusions as well as the outcome of any meetings held. The young person must be invited to any meetings held in connection with the assessment.

The Pathway Plan Assessment should take account of the views of the following:

1. The young person;
2. The parents;
3. The current carer;
4. The school/college and the education service;
5. Any Independent Visitor;
6. Any person providing health care or treatment for the young person;
7. The Personal Adviser;
8. Any other relevant person including, in the case of a young person with special needs, a representative from Adult Services.

A decision not to include significant people must be recorded in the young person's file.

Young people with particular language or communication needs should be provided throughout the process with appropriate interpretation, translation or advocacy support.

Where the young person refuses to engage in the assessment process, this should be recorded, together with any actions taken to ascertain the young person's views.

All parties including the social worker's manager, should sign the completed Pathway Plan assessment form. The young person should be provided with a copy of their assessment in a format that is accessible to him or her at the earliest opportunity. The social worker is responsible for ensuring that the outcome of the assessment is explained to the young person.

A new section called “Case Weighting” has now been added to the Children’s Pathway Plan Assessment which will determine the level of need for the young person using the Red/Amber/Green assessment criteria. Amber and Red cases will be allocated a Personal Adviser from Barnardo’s Leaving Care. For Green cases the role of the Personal Adviser will be undertaken by the allocated Social Worker and the involvement from Leaving Care Service will commence at 17 years and 6 months unless the level of need changes.

The Pathway Plan Assessment will inform the development of a Pathway Plan.

Where the young person continues to be Looked After, the Placement Plan/Placement Information Record should describe what arrangements have been made within the placement to support the Pathway Plan.

5. Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan

The young person's Personal Adviser will work on the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan with the young person, and others involved with the young person. The Pathway Plan must be prepared as soon as possible after the Pathway Plan Assessment has been completed. The Pathway Care Plan must be formally agreed at the Looked After Children Review nearest the 16th Birthday

Each young person will be central to drawing up their own Plan setting the goals and identifying with the Personal Adviser how the local authority will help meet them, including any services being provided in respect of the young persons’ disability or needs arising from being in custody or as a result of entering the country as an unaccompanied asylum seeker. Young people with particular language or communication needs should be provided throughout the process with appropriate interpretation, translation or advocacy support.

The Pathway Plan should also include:

• The plan for the young person’s continuing education or training when he/she ceases  to be looked after - where the young person is no longer of statutory school age, the Pathway Plan may need to incorporate the goals and actions that were previously included in the PEP;
• How the Responsible Local Authority will assist the young person in obtaining employment or other purposeful activity or occupation, taking into account his/her aspirations, skills and educational potential;
• The financial support to be provided to enable the young person to meet accommodation and maintenance costs;  taking into account his/her financial capabilities and money-management capacity, along with strategies to develop skills in this area;
• The nature and level of contact and personal support to be provided, and by whom, to the young person;
• Details of the accommodation the young person is to occupy (including an assessment of its suitability in the light of the young person’s needs, and details of the considerations taken into account in assessing that suitability);
• Details of the arrangements made by the Responsible Local Authority to meet the young person’s needs in relation to his or her identity, with particular regard to their religious persuasion, racial origin and cultural and linguistic background.

The meeting where the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan is formally agreed will identify the responsibilities for implementing the Plan. In the case of an Eligible Young Person, the social worker will retain lead responsibility for progressing the Plan. In the case of a Relevant or Former Relevant Young Person, the Personal Adviser will have lead responsibility.

The meeting will also fix a date for the review of the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan.

The Pathway Plan/Pathway care Plan should be recorded on the Pathway Plan pro forma and cross-referenced as appropriate to other plans in operation including the, Personal Education Plan, Health Care Plan and SEN Transition Plan. There is no need to duplicate the complementary plans but copies of relevant parts should be kept with the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan.

A Financial Summary should be attached to the Plan, at the latest from the point where the young person ceases to be Looked After.

The Personal Adviser must contact all relevant individuals or agencies so that they are aware of their role within the Plan and to ensure it will be implemented effectively.

These may include:

1. Family members or friends;
2. Foster carers or residential staff;
3. The education service, for example the named significant adult for education;
4. The school;
5. Connexions;
6. The Youth Offending Service;
7. Housing providers;
8. Health organisations;
9. Voluntary organisations including activity or interest groups with whom the young person is involved.

Where a transfer from Children's to Adult Services will be required, the Plan should specify who has responsibility for giving notice to Adult Services and liaising with them to ensure a smooth transition.

The relevant Team Manager should approve and sign the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan

All requests for finance for young people must be made in writing, using the appropriate form, to the relevant manager. Arrangements for payment to the young person will not be set up unless the correct internal procedures are followed.

On completion and approval of the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan as above, all parties involved including the young person should sign it.

The Personal Adviser will provide the young person with a copy of the most up to date Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan and ensure that the contents are explained. A copy of the Plan will be kept on the young person's records.

Those who have a role in implementing the plan should have a copy of the Plan, at least, of the part relating to their contribution.

6. Reviews of Pathway Plans/Pathway Care Plans

A review of the Pathway Plan/Pathway Care Plan should take place at six monthly intervals for as long as it stays in force.

Should the need arise, either because the Plan needs amending or at the young person's request, a review of the Plan can take place without waiting for a scheduled review.

The review will check whether the goals remain appropriate and are being met, and whether levels of support are adequate and being delivered.

Review participants should include the young person, Personal Adviser, the social worker (if different and applicable) and any other significant person.

The young person's expenses (traveling and subsistence) in attending the review will be met by the local authority.

If the Relevant Young Person or Former Relevant Young Person moves to ‘unregulated’ accommodation (i.e. accommodation that is not regulated/inspected by OFSTED), the Local Authority must:

1. Arrange a review 28 days (or as soon as practicable thereafter) from the time the accommodation is provided; and
2. Determine at what intervals (not exceeding six months) subsequent reviews will be carried out;
3. Reviews should be brought forward where there is an assessed risk that a crisis may develop in a young person’s life, for example:
   • Where a young person has been charged with an offence and there is a possibility of their being sentenced to custody, which will risk losing their accommodation;
   • Where a young person is at risk of being evicted from his or her accommodation or otherwise threatened with homelessness;
   • Where professionals are concerned about the parenting capacity of a ‘Relevant’ or ‘Former Relevant’ young person with there being a possibility that their own child may need to be the subject of a multi-agency safeguarding plan;
   • Where a young person requests a review.

Matters to which the Local Authority is to have regard in determining suitability of accommodation (under Schedule 2 to the Care Leavers Regulations 2010 and Schedule 6 of the Care Planning, Placement and Case Review Regulations 2010):

1.  In respect of the accommodation:
   1. The facilities and services provided;
   2. The state of repair;
   3. The safety;
   4. The location;
   5. The support;
   6. The tenancy status; and
   7. The financial commitments involved for the relevant young person and their affordability.
2. In respect of the Relevant young person:
   1. His or her views about the accommodation;
   2. His or her understanding of their rights and responsibilities in relation to the accommodation; and
   3. His or her understanding of funding arrangements.

Where a Relevant or Former Relevant Young Person enters custody, pathway planning must continue. The young person must be visited on a regular basis and it is good practice for the first visit to take place within ten working days. The role must not be fulfilled by a YOT worker. The Local Authority must liaise with the YOT or Probation Service to support the young person emotionally, practically and financially while in custody. A review of the Pathway Plan should be carried out at least a month before the young person’s release to give sufficient time to plan for his or her resettlement, including identifying suitable accommodation where the young person’s placement had to be given up or has been lost and identifying who will collect the young person and the sources of support after his or her release.

The Personal Adviser is responsible for the production of the Review Report and the update of the Pathway Plan following the Review. For young people in Local Authority care the Pathway Care Plan will be updated by the Local Authority Social Worker.

The Review immediately prior to the young person's 18th birthday will agree how future reviews will be conducted, including whether they will involve face to face meetings, and this will be recorded by the Personal Advisor. In all cases, even when no formal review meetings are held, the Personal Advisor will retain a monitoring role, at six monthly intervals, to check the progress of the Pathway Plan.

In the event of a Relevant or Former Relevant Young Person breaking off contact and/or not engaging with the agreed support and advice being offered, a review of the Pathway Plan may take place by telephone, e-mail or letter, if agreed in advance by the Personal Adviser. In these circumstances the Personal Adviser will attempt to negotiate a revised plan that is acceptable to all parties.

Where contact is lost, the emphasis of the Pathway Plan Review will switch to record how attempts will be made to re-establish contact and these efforts will be reviewed within the established system.

A route back for the young person to seek support in the future should be kept open and communicated, for example by sending birthday cards and appropriate festive greetings, and ensuring that the young person receives any circulated information about services or events in which they may have an interest.

Where a Pathway Plan is amended as a result of a review, the Personal Adviser will amend the Plan.  Any necessary approval to the amended financial arrangements will be sought from the relevant manager.

Once the changes are approved, the Personal Adviser will send a copy of the amended Plan to the young person, the Designated Manager.

7. Procedures in Relation to Qualifying Young People

The young person's Personal Advisor will provide support, advice and assistance to Qualifying Young People and make efforts to engage and to keep in touch with them.

The support offered, which could be financial, will focus upon helping the young person to manage and cope in the community and to manage the transition to adulthood.  Attempts will be made to ensure that they are able to access suitable accommodation and maintain social and family links.

Where necessary practical help should be offered in addition to support. This could include helping to acquire basic living skills and consideration of health needs and choices. Where necessary, links will be made with other services and assistance can be provided when he or she has to have contact with other agencies. Advice and support should also be offered in relation to employment, training and educational opportunities.

Where a Qualifying Young Person accesses education, or training, financial assistance will be possible to the age of 24. This will ensure that he or she is able to take advantage of the opportunities being offered.

The young person's Personal Advisor should also help to identify, secure and pay for vacation accommodation, for those qualifying young people who have accessed higher education, or residential further education courses.

Approval for the provision of such financial support must be sought by the young person's Personal Advisor by making a written request to the relevant manager.

The request should specify the type of financial support sought the reason for the request and the total cost involved.

8. Complaints

All those eligible for support under these procedures and qualifying young people over the age of 16 have access to the Social Care Complaints Procedure.

End